Identification of the optimal codons for acetolactate synthase from weeds: an in-silico study

Although various studies of codon usage bias have been reported in a broad spectrum organisms, no to date examined for herbicide target genes. In this study, we analysed patterns the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene eight monocot weeds and one model monocot. The base composition at third position follows C3 > G3 T3 A3. values effective number codons (ENC or Nc) indicate low bias, ENC Nc vs. GC3 plot suggests that is due mutational pressure. Low adaptation index further supported phenomenon bias. Additionally, optimal codons, along with over- under-represented were identified. Gene design using rather than overall abundant produce improved protein expression results. Our results can be used studies, including eliciting mechanisms resistance (occurring elevation levels) development new compounds, their efficiency risk assessment evolution.